Geology study material for ias updated for 2020 to 2021. Planet mercury facts, nearly tidally locked to the sun. Minerals and consequently mineralogy are extremely important to economics, aesthetics and science. Charoite is a purple silicate mineral, found only in russia, used as a gem material. Fossils gastropod gastropod ammonite echinid trilobite trilobite ammonite ammonite can you identify the fossils. Gly1101 intro to physical geology lecture notes dr. Instructor minerals glg 101 physical geology minerals. Lecture notes introduction to geology earth, atmospheric. Engineering geology pdf notes eg pdf notes smartzworld. Its purpose is to introduce the basic tests and mineral properties that you.
The course will provide a thorough introduction to geology and then move on to apply this knowledge to site investigation for construction. Often occurs in streams or in coastal environments. A mineral is a combination of elements that forms an inorganic, naturally occurring solid of a definite chemical structure. Aesthetically, minerals shine as gems, enriching our lives with their inherent beauty, especially as we view them in museum displays. Mineral properties define the physical properties of rocks geophysicalrheology. Lecture notes pdfs of these powerpoint slides will be made available for. Quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar other minerals are important for the full descripti on of igneous rocks. Discuss the origin of minerals and their chemical composition and identification properties, including hardness, specific gravity, color, streak, cleavage, luster, and crystal form. Terry engelder department of geosciences 336 deike building the pennsylvania state university university park, pennsylvania 16802 phone.
Na description objective of this course is to explain the chemical and crystallographic makeup of minerals and helps to identify common rockforming minerals in hand sample and under the microscope. A rock is a solid material that is composed of various minerals. The concept of geologic time and the principles of uniformitarianism help geologists to understand the processes that shape the earth and its environments. Atoms may be thought of as an assemblage of subatomic particles that seems to occupy a very large volume. Fundamental science of earth materials lecture notes fall, 1995 profs. Find geology study guides, notes, and practice tests for uh. November 11mercury skipped the vast, glaring face of the sun. Record in a notebook where you obtained found, bought, traded each one. In order to fully appreciate the hazards and resources presented by the various geologic processes you must have a basic knowledge of minerals and rocks make up all geologic materials. Leasable minerals the passage of the mineral leasing act of 1920, as amended from time to time, places the following minerals under the leasing law. We must consider some of the quantum mechanical aspects of atoms and how they may be bonded to one another to form crystals.
Lecture notes mineralogy atoms, bonding its time to face the fact that minerals are made of atoms. Introduction to engineering geology is designed to give an insight into the way in which geological environments affect decisions about the design and construction of large and small structures. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral. Mineral chemistry defines the chemical composition. Textures of ore deposits importance of studying textures textural identification and interpretation for ore deposits and associated gangue minerals are tools necessary for understanding the processes involved in the genesis of these deposits, which in turn is very important for prospecting for other similar economic bodies. Economically, the utilization of minerals is necessary if we have to maintain the current standard of living. Chemical properties of minerals lecture notes figures. Geology 111 discovering planet earth a1 early history of the earth the earth and the rest of the solar system were formed about 4. Geol 463 economic geology 1 geol463 economic geology instructor dr.
August 28, 2017 for this course you will need to know the chemical formula of the common minerals as listed here. Once you have downloaded the file you can view a file on your. Mineral properties, photos, uses and descriptions geology. Minerals have different properties a way to describe something. Minerals with the same composition but different crystalline structures.
Mineral 1 is harder or softer than your fingernail. Minerals and igneous rocks lecture 8 classification of igneous rocks streckheisen classification is based on only three m inerals. The pdf portable document format versions of the lecture notes are optimized for printing. Note that only two out of three octahedral sites in the octahedral layer are occupied. Most minerals are made up of a cation a positively charged ion or several cations and an anion a negatively charged ion e. September 18, 2017 a revised version of the syllabus is now posted. The pdf portable document format versions of the lecture notes are optimized. Minerals that form as marine precipitates will be c omposed of th ese ions. First forensic geology case in october of 1904 the strangled body of eva disch was found near frankfurt, germany. Can concentrate a specific mineral in a confined area. Minerals definition, types, and identification department. Mining geology lecture free ebooks pdf, doc, ppt, pps, xls and etc.
Color least useful property in identifying minerals. To read them on your browser you will need to get the free acrobat reader plugin from adobe systems. We group minerals into classes on the basis of their. Minerals form in one place by another process and then are transported, sorted, and concentrated by the water. Historical geology origins and evolution of the earth, its continents, atmosphere and life physical geology rocks, minerals and the processes that affect them there are a broad range of subdisciplines within geology many of which are related to other sciences. The building blocks of rocks rocks solid aggregates of crystals minerals with. Geology is in many ways the most complex of sciences, as a complete understanding of the workings of the earth requires training in mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, and astronomy. Chemistry and structure of minerals lecture notes figures. Discover the best homework help resource for geology at university of houston. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Mineral type, composition and shape define the rock type geology.
The building blocks of rocks rocks solid aggregates of crystals minerals with some exceptions e. Olivine, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite and muscovit e bowen. This page contains lecture notes, inclass assignments, and anything that i think will help you to better understand the course material. Olivine, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite and muscovit e bowen s reaction series. Mineral chemistry defines the chemical composition of a rocks geochemistry. Geology is the study of the origin and evolution of the earth, utilizing the principles of mathematics, chemistry, physics and biology.
If your web browser has the proper plugin installed, clicking on the pdf will bring the file into your web browser from which you can then print the notes. Penn states structural geology class notes instructor. Minerals hardness 1gypsum, 2halite mineral 1 is harder or softer than a penny. Mineralogy lecture notes online these notes are saved in adobe acrobat portable document format pdf. Credit toward the degree may be earned in only one of geol 100 or geol 101 or geol 101h. Origin of elements and compositionstructure of the earth lecture notes figures. This course requires command of material covered in math 107 and geol 201 or equivalent. Gology 1 physical geology spring 2006 syllabus geology 1physical geology is an introductory level class designed to provide a broad overview of how the earth works.
The following lecture notes are from the 2008 offering of this course. Cant understand rocks or any other geologic material without knowing about minerals. Rock and mineral kits the most effective way to learn about rocks and minerals. Dense, heavy minerals fall out of suspension when water velocity decreases.
We group minerals into classes on the basis of their predominant anion or anion group. I recommend you print the pdf version of this file and get started right away. This was necessary because the first day of class was cancelled. Place the plugin in the plugins folder in your netscape folder and restart netscape. Lecture notes and slides introduction to geology earth. Introduction, history of the earth and geological time, notes1. In the present study, mineralogy and geology act as x and ycoordinates of a classification chart of mineral resources called the chessboard or spreadsheet classification scheme. The goals of the class are 1 to gain a general understanding of important earth processes e. Lecture notes massachusetts institute of technology. Rotation of the planet has been slowed down to match its orbit around the sun. Introduction, history of the earth and geological time. Calcite is a carbonate mineral with industrial, agricultural, medical and many other uses. Lecture notes 3 igneous rocks glendale community college.
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